Table of contents
What is Linux?
Linux is free and open-source software, with an operating system of its own. Linux stands for GNU+Linux. It is developed along with the source code of Unix and was developed by Linux Torvalds.
Around 600+ Linux Distributions are available and some of the popular Linux distributions are:
Debian
Gentoo
Ubuntu
Linux Mint
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
CentOS
Fedora
Kali Linux
Arch Linux
OpenSUSE
Architecture of Linux:
Kernel: The kernel is one of the fundamental parts of an Operating system. It is responsible for each of the primary duties of the Linux OS. Each of the major procedures of Linux is coordinated with hardware directly.
Shell: It is an interface between the kernel and the user. It provides kernel services and runs kernel operations. It takes commands from the user and executes the kernel’s functions.
Hardware layer: The hardware layer of Linux is made up of several peripheral devices such as a CPU, HDD, and RAM.
System Utility: It provides the functionalities of an operating system to the user.
What is the Linux command to:
Listing commands:
ls option_flag arguments --> List the subdirectories and files available in the present directory.
Examples:
ls -l--> List the files and directories in long list format with extra information
ls -a-> list all including hidden files and directory
ls *.sh --> list all the files having .sh extension.
ls -i --> list the files and directories with index numbers inodes
ls -d */ --> list only directories.(we can also specify a pattern)
Directory Commands:
pwd --> Print work directory. Gives the present working directory.
cd path_to_directory --> Change the directory to the provided path.
cd ~ or just cd --> Change the directory to the home directory.
cd - --> Go to the last working directory.
cd .. --> Change the directory to one step back.
cd ../.. --> Use ls ../.. for contents two levels above.
mkdir directoryName --> Use to make a directory in a specific location.
mkdir .NewFolder --> Make a hidden directory (also . before a file to make it hidden)
mkdir A B C D --> Make multiple directories at the same time.
mkdir -p A/B/C/D --> Make a nested directory
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